Kanji Meaning: What Are Kanji and How to Learn Them
If you are interested in learning Japanese, you might have heard of kanji. Kanji are the symbols that represent words or ideas in the Japanese writing system. They are adapted from Chinese characters and can have different meanings and pronunciations depending on their context. There are more than 50,000 kanji, but only 2,136 are commonly used and taught at school.
kanji meaning
Learning kanji can be challenging but rewarding. By mastering kanji, you can improve your reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, and cultural knowledge. You can also access a rich variety of texts, from novels and manga to newspapers and websites. In this article, we will explore what are kanji, how they came to be, how they are structured, how they can be learned, and how they can be applied.
The History of Kanji
Kanji has its historical roots in Chinese writing. The word itself means "Chinese (or Han) characters" in Japanese and Chinese. The significant use of Chinese characters in Japan first began to take hold around the 5th century AD and has since had a profound influence in shaping Japanese culture, language, literature, history, and records.
According to one theory, early forms of kanji were used in Japan as early as A.D. 800 and evolved slowly into the modern era, along with hiragana and katakana. Hiragana and katakana are two phonetic scripts that are used to write down the sounds of Japanese words. Hiragana is used for native Japanese words or grammatical elements, while katakana is used for foreign or technical words.
With the development of the kana syllabaries, kanji came to be employed for writing nouns, verb roots, adjectives, and other important words. A single kanji character can have multiple meanings or pronunciations depending on how it is used or combined with other characters.
After Japan's defeat in World War II, the government adopted a series of rules designed to simplify the most common kanji characters to make them easier to learn. These simplified characters are known as shinjitai (new character forms). The government also published character lists periodically to help direct the education of its citizenry through the myriad Chinese characters that exist. These lists include the jōyō kanji (regular-use kanji), which consist of 2,136 characters that cover most of the common usage in modern Japanese.
The Structure of Kanji
Kanji are composed of radicals (or bush Kanji are composed of radicals (or bushu), which are the smallest units of meaning in a kanji character. Radicals can also be strokes, which are the smallest units of writing in a kanji character. There are 214 radicals and various numbers of strokes in the kanji system.
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By learning the radicals and strokes, you can understand the logic and structure behind each kanji character. You can also use them to look up kanji in dictionaries or online tools. For example, if you want to find the meaning of the kanji 愛 (love), you can search by its radical 心 (heart) and its stroke count 13.
Kanji can also have different readings, meanings, and usages depending on the context. There are two main types of readings for kanji: on'yomi and kun'yomi. On'yomi are the Chinese-derived pronunciations, while kun'yomi are the native Japanese pronunciations. For example, the kanji 日 (sun or day) has the on'yomi nichi or jitsu and the kun'yomi hi or ka.
On'yomi are usually used when kanji are combined with other kanji to form compound words, such as 日本 (Japan) or 日曜日 (Sunday). Kun'yomi are usually used when kanji are used alone or with hiragana to form words, such as 日の出 (sunrise) or 日にち (date). Sometimes, kanji can have both on'yomi and kun'yomi readings in the same word, such as 時間 (time), which is pronounced jikan or toki.
Kanji can also have different meanings and usages depending on the context. For example, the kanji 人 (person) can mean human, people, person, or oneself depending on how it is used or combined with other characters. It can also form phrases and idioms, such as 人気 (popularity), 人生 (life), or 人間関係 (human relations).
The Learning of Kanji
Learning kanji can seem daunting at first, but there are some strategies and methods that can make it easier and more fun. Here are some tips for learning kanji effectively:
Learn hiragana and katakana first. These are the two phonetic scripts that are essential for reading and writing Japanese. They will help you learn the sounds and spellings of Japanese words, as well as the pronunciation of kanji.
Learn kanji radicals. These are the building blocks of kanji characters that give clues to their meaning and shape. By learning the radicals, you can break down complex kanji into simpler parts and memorize them more easily.
Learn kanji in a logical and systematic way. Instead of learning random kanji, follow a structured curriculum that teaches you the most common and useful kanji first. You can use textbooks, online courses, apps, or other resources that follow the jōyō kanji list or a similar order.
Use mnemonics, flashcards, and other tools. Mnemonics are memory aids that help you remember kanji by associating them with images, stories, or sounds. Flashcards are cards that show you the kanji on one side and the meaning and reading on the other side. You can use physical or digital flashcards to review and test yourself on kanji. Other tools include quizzes, games, worksheets, and writing practice.
The Application of Kanji
Learning kanji is not only useful for passing exams or tests, but also for applying them to real-life situations and contexts. Here are some ways to apply your kanji knowledge:
Read and write kanji in various texts. You can read books, manga, newspapers, websites, signs, menus, labels, or anything else that has kanji in it. You can also write your own texts using kanji, such as emails, messages, notes, diaries, essays, or stories.
Practice kanji with native speakers. You can practice your kanji skills with native Japanese speakers online or offline. You can chat with them using text messages or social media platforms that support kanji input. You can also join online forums or communities where people discuss topics using kanji.
Enjoy kanji as a part of Japanese culture, art, and literature. You can appreciate the beauty and diversity of kanji as a form of expression and communication in Japanese culture. You can explore the history and origins of kanji characters and how they reflect different aspects of Japanese society and values. You can also enjoy the artistic and literary works that use kanji creatively and elegantly.
Conclusion
Kanji are the symbols that represent words or ideas in the Japanese writing system. They are adapted from Chinese characters and have different meanings and pronunciations depending on the context. Learning kanji can be challenging but rewarding, as it can enhance your reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, and cultural knowledge. You can also access a rich variety of texts, from novels and manga to newspapers and websites.
To learn kanji effectively, you need to learn hiragana and katakana first, then learn kanji radicals, then learn kanji in a logical and systematic way using mnemonics, flashcards, and other tools. You also need to apply your kanji knowledge to real-life situations and contexts, such as reading and writing texts, practicing with native speakers, and enjoying kanji as a part of Japanese culture, art, and literature.
We hope this article has given you a clear overview of what are kanji and how to learn them. If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to share them in the comments section below. We would love to hear from you!
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions related to the topic of kanji meaning:
What is the difference between kanji and kana?
Kana are the two phonetic scripts that are used to write down the sounds of Japanese words. They consist of hiragana and katakana. Hiragana is used for native Japanese words or grammatical elements, while katakana is used for foreign or technical words. Kanji are the symbols that represent words or ideas in the Japanese writing system. They are adapted from Chinese characters and can have different meanings and pronunciations depending on the context.
How many kanji do I need to know to read Japanese?
There is no definitive answer to this question, as it depends on your level of proficiency, your goals, and your interests. However, a general guideline is that you need to know at least 1,000 kanji to read basic texts, such as children's books or manga; 2,000 kanji to read intermediate texts, such as newspapers or novels; and 3,000 kanji to read advanced texts, such as academic papers or classical literature.
How long does it take to learn kanji?
Again, this depends on various factors, such as your motivation, your learning style, your methods, your resources, and your time. However, a rough estimate is that it takes about one year to learn the 2,136 jōyō kanji if you study 10 kanji per day. Of course, this does not mean that you will master them completely; you will still need to review and practice them regularly to retain them in your long-term memory.
What are some good resources for learning kanji?
There are many resources available for learning kanji, both online and offline. Some of the most popular ones include textbooks (such as Genki or Minna no Nihongo), online courses (such as WaniKani or Nihongo Shark), apps (such as Anki or Memrise), websites (such as Jisho or Kanji Alive), games (such as Kanji Drop or Kanji Connect), and books (such as Remembering the Kanji or Kanji in Context).
What are some tips for remembering kanji?
Some tips for remembering kanji include using mnemonics (memory aids that help you associate kanji with images, stories, or sounds), using flashcards (cards that show you the kanji on one side and the meaning and reading on the other side), using spaced repetition (a technique that helps you review kanji at optimal intervals based on your memory strength), writing kanji by hand (a practice that helps you reinforce the shape and stroke order of kanji), and reading kanji in context (a practice that helps you understand the meaning and usage of kanji in real texts).
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